________ . ________ System Simulation and Evaluation . Simulating complex systems before they are built allows detailed non-destructive and low-cost analysis and testing. Often, though, the critical component of simulation is the human element. The most important questions can’t be answered through simulation without a reasonable model of how the human operator, human team or human organization will behave. iGEN human performance models (HPM) provide the modeling and simulation community with a powerful new tool to represent the human element in advanced simulation. iGEN HPM agents can be built to represent the knowledge-based work and decision processes of individuals (such as workstation operators), teams (such as command teams or control room teams), or even whole organizations (such as command and control nodes, enemy or competition organizations). iGEN HPM agents incorporate the knowledge and work processes of the human element being simulated. The powerful iGEN cognitive agent architecture applies these to simulate the desired range of behavior, including individual variability, errors, population variability, and some forms of learning. The result is dynamic and adaptive behavioral simulations that are robust and scenario-independent. Example Application HPM agent performing a simplified Air Traffic Control task